How do the modes influence our free will and our values?

Answer Podcast

How do the modes influence our impressions, shraddha, and abhilasha (aspirations)?

These are all technical terms with nuanced meanings in different philosophical contexts, but without getting too technical, let’s explore the essential principles and how they relate to our free will.

We can begin by acknowledging that each of us holds certain values sacred, and we also carry deep impressions (samskaras or vasanas)—certain desires or inclinations that seem to pull us in particular directions. Some things we consciously want to do, and other things we feel almost instinctively drawn toward doing. Within this dynamic, our free will operates.

Modes and Impressions

The modes of material nature (gunas) shape the impressions we carry. These impressions are largely a result of how the modes have influenced us in the past. Over time, as the modes continue to act upon us, they “infect” or influence us more deeply.

The modes don’t force us; they push us.
If we lack self-awareness, we might not even realize we’re being pushed—we start identifying with the modes, and then we get carried along unconsciously.

Therefore, some degree of knowledge and introspection is essential. By cultivating self-awareness, we begin to notice these inner forces and can choose how to respond to them.

Are our values shaped by the modes?

Yes, to a large extent. The value system (shraddha) we operate within is also shaped by the modes. Of course, we can have transcendental values, beyond the modes, especially through spiritual practice. But in general, our default values and desires—what we aspire for and what we are attracted to—are influenced by the modes.

Let’s look at this through two key concepts:

• Aspirations (what we strive to become or contribute)
• Appetites (what we crave or consume)

These two forces tug at us constantly.
Aspirations are more about giving and contributing, whereas appetites are about consuming and possessing—not just food, but also experiences, status, pleasure, etc.

This tension between aspiration and appetite exists in everyone, unless someone is either fully self-realized or completely ignorant. For most of us, this inner tug-of-war defines our everyday experience.

Influence of Modes on Aspiration vs. Appetite

Generally:

• Aspirations are fueled by the higher modes—especially the mode of goodness.
• Appetites are driven by the lower modes, primarily passion and ignorance.

So, what makes the difference?
It’s what we nourish.

If we associate with people who live by high aspirations—like sincere students, diligent workers, or committed spiritual practitioners—we naturally become inspired to raise our own standards. On the other hand, if we associate with people who are indulgent, aimless, or distracted, that influence rubs off on us too.

Our external environment also plays a role.
If we live in a space that supports study, focus, or spiritual practice (e.g., filled with books, reminders, and inspiration), we’re more likely to feed our aspirations. If we’re surrounded by distractions—like entertainment or negative association—our appetites get fed instead.

Bhakti: Transcending Both

Now, Krishna-bhakti functions on two levels.

• On one level, it is an aspiration—we want to love, serve, and connect with Krishna.
• On a deeper level, it is transcendental—beyond even aspiration and appetite, because Krishna Himself is beyond the modes.

By practicing bhakti, our lower appetites gradually weaken, and our higher aspirations get stronger. Over time, bhakti lifts us beyond the duality of aspiration and appetite and brings us closer to the spiritual platform.

Conclusion: Where Is Free Will?

Our free will may not lie in choosing our present appetites or even our current aspirations—these are, to some extent, given to us based on past impressions and present conditioning.

But we always have the power to choose what we nourish.
Whichever we feed—aspiration or appetite—becomes stronger and starts to dominate our consciousness.

• If we nourish our aspirations, they will grow, refine, and elevate us.
• If we nourish our appetites, they will grow, intensify, and entangle us.

Thus, free will is always available, though its strength may vary based on the mode we are in.

• In passion and ignorance, appetites are dominant and free will is weaker.
• In the mode of goodness, aspirations are stronger and free will becomes clearer.

Ultimately, through Krishna-bhakti, we gain the strength and clarity to transcend the modes entirely, and fully align our free will with Krishna’s will.

Thank you very much.